This study used mass cytometry to create a scientific ‘map’ of the immune system. Then, scientists compared the immune system maps of people with Down syndrome to those without and found that, on average, people with Down syndrome have dysregulation in every detected branch of their immune system…..

This project took a deep dive into the T cell biology of people with Down syndrome. T cells are an important cell in the immune system. There are numerous types and subtypes of T cells, each with specific functions in the immune response. For example, “cytotoxic T cells” kill dangerous cells infected by virus or from tumors…..

Red blood cells are the most common cell type in the body, and their contents mirrors systemic metabolic processes. Here our scientists provide the first mass spectrometry–based relative and absolute quantitative metabolomic description of red blood cells from people with Down syndrome. Their results show that red blood cell metabolism is widely deregulated by trisomy 21…..

People with Down syndrome have a different disease spectrum compared to the typical population, but exactly why this is remains unclear. To begin addressing this, our scientists analyzed blood samples from individuals with Down syndrome. They found dozens of proteins that are consistently deregulated by trisomy 21, including many proteins involved in immune control, the complement cascade, and growth factor signaling…..